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“On the view” and “One and One”
——Comparison between Plata’s Spiritual Spiritual Discourse and Xunzi’s “God”
Author: Sun Wei
Source: “Philosophy Research” Issue 03, 2021
Author Introduction: Sun Wei, director and researcher of the Philosophy Research Institute of Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. The purpose of the important research and discussion is to compare Chinese and Western philosophy and Confucian philosophy.
Abstract:From the eternal sensibility and wisdom of the soul in “Phaedo” to the three-point of the soul in “Fantasy”, the “same”, “different” and “existence” in the soul in “Ti’oeu”, and the relationship between the cosmic soul and human spirit, Plato strives to reduce the way through which paths the human soul can remove the body’s emotions and desires, and obtain the highest concept and balance structure of the soul in the head and the specific knowledge. Under this supreme request, Plata proposed the “common view” and the method of certification to achieve this final goal. For Xunzi, the “god” of the heart first requires the inner moral integrity of the inner reality, and in the last stage, it is necessary to realize the balance between eternal perceptual knowledge and an equal rational awareness through the “single and quiet” method. There are many similarities between Platz’s “comprehensive” and Xunzi’s “one and tranquil” but the differences between the two are, such as Xunzi’s “relief” to influence the realization of the highest “god” realm, Platz’s profound explanation of the relationship between “one” and “multiple”, specific and abstract, and so on, and also provides the ability to benefit each other and benefit each other.
Keywords:Soul; view; god; single and quiet
The problem of “Soul” (ψυχή, psuché) has always been a major topic in Plague dialogue records. The reason why this problem is mainly reflected in many dialogues in Plató is that the soul is the key point that affects human sensibility and even the relationship between the universe and humans. However, the soul happens to exist in the human body and will inevitably become confused by the influence of human physical emotions and desires. It is precisely in this meaning that the method to maintain the balance of the soul structure and realize its inherent sensibility becomes the key to this problem.
1. Plata’s “spirit” and “communication”
In Plata’s view, the human soul and body are completely different: the soul is responsible for eternal emotional thinking, and the body is a short and realistic existence. (Go toIn fact, the body not only cannot engage in emotional thinking, but also limits the unrestrainedness of the soul. If a person wants to think emotionally and recognize the truth, he must make the soul far away from the various needs and desires of the body and not be disturbed by the body – this is the “purification” process. (See “Phaedo”, 66d8-67d1) So, for people who have a specific life in the real world, what method can they use to realize this kind of “realization”? For Plata, people need to fully transform themselves with philosophy to realize the self-reliance of the soul. (Ibid., 114b6-114c8) The method of using philosophy as “realization” is to learn philosophy, so as to make the soul stolen the body’s interference and gain the soul’s unrestrainedness. Philosophy means metaphysical abstract thinking, which is a kind of thought that can eliminate the needs of the flesh and remove the world. But to reach such a metaphysical state, you must also cultivate your inner quality through later learning. Plath says: “A person should have deep faith in his soul, … and use the soul itself rather than the inner decoration, that is, the system, justice, heroism, unrestrainedness and truth to decorate his soul, and in this way wait for the journey to the underworld.” (Ibid., 114d8-1 15a1) From here we can see that philosophy is of course the highest method of purification, but when the actual specific development is developed, people must also cultivate their inner feelings and qualities, and the qualities that these people should possess are obtained through practical learning.
Of course, the period, righteousness, heroism, unrestrainedness and truth mentioned in Plata are true virtues guided by “intelligence” (see ibid., 69a-c), and “intelligence” is the synonym for philosophy, and it is the necessary path for people to transform into souls. Plath says: “When the soul performs self-examination, it enters a pure, eternal, non-death, and non-change state. The soul lives in this state and is peaceful and unrestrained, no longer wanders around, and can maintain a similar state when contacting things of the same kind. This kind of experience is called wisdom.” (Ibid., 79d) From this, it can be seen that wisdom is a process of achieving eternal and unrestrained state through the self-examination of the soul. This is the method proposed by Plato to realize that the soul is unrestrained and reaches the highest level. Plath says: “Philosophy puts their souls in this state, … It asks the souls to be their own companions and self-combination, and do not trust anything except themselves, and it understands everything by itself.” (Ibid., 83a-b) This means that the soul cannot gain true knowledge through the senses of the flesh, and must understand itself through itself. This means that to reach the highest level of the soul, the soul must be separated from the flesh. Plata says: “If the soul leaves the flesh, if it is pure and untied, it does not contain the flesh’s burden, because it is not willing to combine with the flesh when it is alive, but it is extremely repelling the flesh., and itself condenses, using this as a common lesson. This is to use the correct method to practice philosophy, and in fact it is to train how to relax the air and die. ”(ibid., 80e)
The above is what Plata thinks about the soul in “Phaedo”. In “Fantasy” href=”http://twlovediary.com/”>Break up meaning, Plath changes its view of the soul. In “Fantasy Country”, Plath believes that the soul is composed of three parts, namely wisdom, passion and desire to see. For Plath In the figure, the righteous state of the soul is to understand intelligence and to see pride and desire, so that these two can serve wisdom itself. (See “Fantasy Country” 442b) But it is obvious that Plath does not believe that the spirit and sorrow realized through this method is the highest state of the soul. In PlathBaobao Picture It seems that as long as the soul leaves the flesh, the soul can reach the highest level. (Ibid., 611e-612a) Thomas M.Robinson pointed out that “the various departments of the soul are in The combination of this world cannot be determined by perfection. Only the soul of the fool is the best to be perfect, because he uses all his spirit to seek wisdom… but the conclusion is very clear, just like the “Phatto” 66e-67b, as long as he dies, he will be offered to the indispensable department, making it the true ‘best’ complex, and therefore indestructible. ” (Robin, pages 69-70) Therefore, it is different from the views in “Phaedo”, Plata in “Fantasy” also believes that the soul can only reach the highest level if it leaves the flesh. In “Timo”, Plata’s soul view has undergone a large change.
In “Timo” 35a and 41d, Plata The picture mentions the concept and its structure of “cosmic spirit” (ψυχήκόσμου, psuchèkósmou). Plaça believes that “cosmic spirit” is composed of three divergent elements, namely: “homogeneity”, “homogeneity” and “homogeneity”.
In existence that is incomponent and eternal and unchanging Being between the divisible, fleeting existence, he also mixed the two, resulting in the third intermediate existence. For homogeneity, he decomposed the same and unfamiliarity and could not be separated. Then he mixed the three into one, strengthening the homogeneity and differences, regulating the nature of different things, regardless of the differences. Rejecting the union. Therefore, existence and difference are combined into one. After being mixed up, the Creator divided this mixed body that includes the three into many parts according to his needs, each of which includes existence and harmony. (Timer, 35a1-b3)
In Plata, “the soul of the universe” is eternal,It itself starts to move around. The “existence”, “sameness” and “different” included in the “cosmic spirit” are the highest cosmic laws and principles. When it comes to something that is life or eternal, it compares with the elements within it. If you encounter a realistic and tangible object, you will receive “conscientious and true opinions”, and if you encounter wise things, you will generate “wisdom and knowledge”. (See ibid., 37a-c) Plata believes that these three components of the souls of the universe can be divided into each other, but not the same, and is a unif
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